Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/48.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 9.8 KB | 360 lines

@node Geography (Chad)
@section Geography (Chad)

@display

Location:
  Central Africa, between the Central African Republic and Libya
Map references:
  Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:  total area:
  1.284 million km2
 land area:
  1,259,200 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly more than three times the size of California
Land boundaries:
  total 5,968 km, Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya
  1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
Coastline:
  0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
  none; landlocked
International disputes:
  Libya claims and occupies the 100,000 km2 Aozou Strip in the far north;
  demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has
  led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification
  by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria
Climate:
  tropical in south, desert in north
Terrain:
  broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest,
  lowlands in south
Natural resources:
  petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin,
  fish (Lake Chad)
Land use:
 arable land:
  2%
 permanent crops:
  0%
 meadows and pastures:
  36%
 forest and woodland:
  11%
 other:
  51%
Irrigated land:
  100 km2 (1989 est.)
Environment:
  hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; drought and desertification
  adversely affecting south; subject to plagues of locusts
Note:
  landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel



@end display

@node People (Chad)
@section People (Chad)

@display

Population:
  5,350,971 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  2.13% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  42.21 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:   20.93 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  134 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  40.41 years
 male:
  39.36 years
 female:
  41.5 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  5.33 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Chadian(s)
 adjective:
  Chadian
Ethnic divisions:
 north and center:
  Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi,
  Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba)
 south:
  non-Muslims (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa)
  nonindigenous 150,000, of whom 1,000 are French
Religions:
  Muslim 44%, Christian 33%, indigenous beliefs, animism 23%
Languages:
  French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), Sango (in south),
  more than 100 different languages and dialects are spoken
Literacy:
  age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic (1990)
 total population:
  30%
 male:
  42%
 female:
  18%
Labor force:
  NA
 by occupation:
  agriculture 85% (engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and
  fishing)



@end display

@node Government (Chad)
@section Government (Chad)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Republic of Chad
 conventional short form:
  Chad
 local long form:
  Republique du Tchad  local short form:
  Tchad
Digraph:
  CD
Type:
  republic
Capital:
  N'Djamena
Administrative divisions:
  14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine,
  Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental,
  Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile
Independence:
  11 August 1960 (from France)
Constitution:
  22 December 1989, suspended 3 December 1990; Provisional National Charter 1
  March 1991; national conference drafting new constitution to submit to
  referendum January 1993
Legal system:
  based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted
  compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday:
  11 August
Political parties and leaders:
  Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS; former dissident group), Idriss DEBY,
  chairman
 note:
  President DEBY has promised political pluralism, a new constitution, and
  free elections by September 1993; numerous dissident groups; 26 opposition
  political parties
Other political or pressure groups:
  NA
Suffrage:
  universal at age NA
Elections:
 National Consultative Council:
  last held 8 July 1990; disbanded 3 December 1990
 President:
  last held 10 December 1989 (next to be held NA); results - President Hissein
  HABRE was elected without opposition; note - the government of then
  President HABRE fell on 1 December 1990, and Idriss DEBY seized power on 3
  December 1990; national conference opened 15 January 1993; election to
  follow by end of year
Executive branch:
  president, Council of State (cabinet)
Legislative branch:
  unicameral National Consultative Council (Conseil National Consultatif) was
  disbanded 3 December 1990 and replaced by the Provisional Council of the
  Republic, with 30 members appointed by President DEBY on 8 March 1991
Judicial branch:
  Court of Appeal



@end display

@node Government (Chad 2. usage)
@section Government (Chad 2. usage)

@display

Leaders:
 Chief of State:
  Col. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990)
 Head of Government:
  Prime Minister Joseph YODOYMAN (since NA August 1992)
Member of:
  ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,
  IDA, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU,
  OIC, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Kombaria Loumaye MEKONYO
 chancery:
  2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
 telephone:
  [phone]
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Richard W. BOGOSIAN
 embassy:
  Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena
 mailing address:
  B. P. 413, N'Djamena
 telephone:
  [235] (51) 62-18, 40-09, or 51-62-11
 FAX:
  [235] 51-33-72
Flag:
  three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to
  the flag of Romania; also similar to the flag of Andorra, which has a
  national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield centered in the yellow
  band; design was based on the flag of France



@end display

@node Economy (Chad)
@section Economy (Chad)

@display

Overview:
  The climate, geographic location, and lack of infrastructure and natural
  resources make Chad one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world.
  Its economy is burdened by the ravages of civil war, conflict with Libya,
  drought, and food shortages. In 1986 real GDP returned to its 1977 level,
  with cotton, the major cash crop, accounting for 48% of exports. Over 80% of
  the work force is employed in subsistence farming and fishing. Industry is
  based almost entirely on the processing of agricultural products, including
  cotton, sugarcane, and cattle. Chad is highly dependent on foreign aid, with
  its economy in trouble and many regions suffering from shortages. Oil
  companies are exploring areas north of Lake Chad and in the Doba basin in
  the south. Good crop weather led to 8.4% growth in 1991.
National product:
  GDP - exchange rate conversion - $1.1 billion (1991 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  8.4% (1991 est.)
National product per capita:
  $215 (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):   2%-3% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
  NA%
Budget:
  revenues $115 million; expenditures $412 million, including capital
  expenditures of $218 million (1991 est.)
Exports:
  $193.9 million (f.o.b., 1991)
 commodities:
  cotton 48%, cattle 35%, textiles 5%, fish
 partners:
  France, Nigeria, Cameroon
Imports:
  $294.1 million (f.o.b., 1991)
 commodities:
  machinery and transportation equipment 39%, industrial goods 20%, petroleum
  products 13%, foodstuffs 9%; note - excludes military equipment
 partners:
  US, France, Nigeria, Cameroon
External debt:
  $492 million (December 1990 est.)
Industrial production:
  growth rate 12.9% (1989 est.); accounts for nearly 15% of GDP
Electricity:
  40,000 kW capacity; 70 million kWh produced, 15 kWh per capita (1991)
Industries:
  cotton textile mills, slaughterhouses, brewery, natron (sodium carbonate),
  soap, cigarettes
Agriculture:
  accounts for about 45% of GDP; largely subsistence farming; cotton most
  important cash crop; food crops include sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice,
  potatoes, manioc; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, camels; self-sufficient
  in food in years of adequate rainfall
Economic aid:
  US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $198 million; Western (non-US)
  countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.5 billion; OPEC
  bilateral aid (1979-89), $28 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $80
  million
Currency:
  1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes



@end display

@node Economy (Chad 2. usage)
@section Economy (Chad 2. usage)

@display

Exchange rates:
  Communaute Financiere Africaine Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January
  1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85
  (1988)
Fiscal year:
  calendar year



@end display

@node Communications (Chad)
@section Communications (Chad)

@display

Highways:
  31,322 km total; 32 km bituminous; 7,300 km gravel and laterite; remainder
  unimproved earth
Inland waterways:
  2,000 km navigable
Airports:
 total:
  69
 usable:
  55
 with permanent-surface runways:
  5
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  0
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  4
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  24
Telecommunications:
  fair system of radiocommunication stations for intercity links; broadcast
  stations - 6 AM, 1 FM, limited TV service; many facilities are inoperative;
  1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Chad)
@section Defense Forces (Chad)

@display

Branches:
  Army (includes Ground Forces, Air Force, and Gendarmerie), Republican Guard
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 1,246,617; fit for military service 647,908; reach military
  age (20) annually 52,870 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $58 million, 5.6% of GDP (1989)



@end display